Multiple resistance to primary pests of grain sorghum hybrids: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and Diceraeus melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Plant resistance is an important tactic within the precepts of Integrated Pest Management, and existence grain sorghum hybrids with multiple insect could benefit crop management sustainability. This study evaluated susceptibility 30 grain-sorghum to three major pests, namely, fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, sugarcane borer (SCB) Diatraea saccharalis, green-belly stink bug (GBS) Diceraeus melacanthus. The were cultivated experiments each species conducted separately in a greenhouse. For FAW, visual injury assessments performed on plants 7 14 days after infestation (DAI). SCB, presence assessed 40 DAI. GBS, using damage rating scale 12, 19, 26 Cluster analysis allowed separating into groups regarding levels pest. Hybrid BRS373 stood out as moderately resistant FAW; AG1090, 80G20, BRAVO, BRS373, AG1615, IG220 most promising for SCB; 50A40, A9735R, JADE, ENFORCER, BUSTER, 50A10, IG244 nominated. information will significantly aid breeding programs focused developing commercial that comprise both insect-resistance high-yield characteristics. However, further research should evaluate potential chemical morphological plant traits underlying lower GBS found selected hybrids.